There isn't one single paper titled "Facebook Friend Mapper," but there is a famous body of research that explains exactly how these tools work (and why they work even when privacy settings are strict).
According to promotional materials and code repositories (e.g., GitHub forks of similar tools), the extension typically performs the following actions: facebook friend mapper chrome extension
If you're looking for alternative tools to analyze your Facebook friends' connections, there are several options available, including: There isn't one single paper titled "Facebook Friend